0:03 [SPEAKER_00]: There is a tower in the woods above that of Barrow Vermont, 65 feet of hand laid stone, dark granite mixed with white quartz that catches the light from a distance. 0:17 [SPEAKER_00]: It has been standing there since 1892. 0:20 [SPEAKER_00]: But this tower was not built by architects or hired masonry. 0:26 [SPEAKER_00]: It was built by the patients of an insane asylum. 0:31 [SPEAKER_00]: Stone by Stone day after day, under the direction of Dr. Joseph Draper, the doctors believed that breaking rocks would fix broken mines, quarering stone, hauling it up the ridge, laying it by hand, 250 feet above the main campus. 0:54 [SPEAKER_00]: But some of those patients found another use for 1:02 [SPEAKER_00]: how many went off the top, the asylum never said. 1:06 [SPEAKER_00]: In 1938 they sealed the door. 1:12 [SPEAKER_00]: At the base of that tower sits a cemetery, over 600 and 50 burials, many of the headstones carry only numbers, 1:23 [SPEAKER_00]: Some say unknown, and on certain nights, visitors still report seeing figures, plunge from the top, and vanish before they hit the ground. 1:35 [SPEAKER_00]: The institution that built this tower was founded by a woman who never saw it open, a woman who's grief began the day she watched someone die. 1:49 [SPEAKER_00]: welcome back friend to hometown history. 1:52 [SPEAKER_00]: The podcast that takes a stroll down the main streets and back alleys of the past, to uncover how local stories shaped the world. 2:00 [SPEAKER_00]: I'm Shane Waters, and today we're exploring a 65-foot tower in the Vermont Woods, built by the patience of an insane asylum in 1887. 2:11 [SPEAKER_00]: In the woman whose grief created the institution that put those stones in their hands 2:21 [SPEAKER_00]: In the 1830s, Battle Burl was a river town, doing what river towns did. 2:27 [SPEAKER_00]: Goods moved along the Connecticut River, mills ground a grain, on wet stone brook. 2:35 [SPEAKER_00]: Lumber, turpentine, talo, and hides, passed through on stage coaches, running between Boston and points north. 2:52 [SPEAKER_00]: the town was growing. 2:54 [SPEAKER_00]: It was ordinary, and if you lived there with a family member who had lost their mind, your options were grim. 3:03 [SPEAKER_00]: According to surviving records, mental illness in 1830s America meant confinement. 3:11 [SPEAKER_00]: You locked them in the attic, you sent them to the poor house, where they would be 3:20 [SPEAKER_00]: If your folks couldn't help, you put them in jail. 3:25 [SPEAKER_00]: Fewer than 10 private psychiatric hospitals existed in the entire country. 3:31 [SPEAKER_00]: In England, a man named William Tuk had found the York retreat in 1796, built on what he called moral treatment 3:42 [SPEAKER_00]: The idea that the mentally ill could recover through kindness, routine, and meaningful work. 3:49 [SPEAKER_00]: That philosophy was slowly crossing the Atlantic. 3:54 [SPEAKER_00]: It had not yet reached Vermont. 3:57 [SPEAKER_00]: Anna Hunt Marsh was born around 1769, the daughter of Jonathan Hunt, Vermont Lieutenant Governor. 4:13 [SPEAKER_00]: Dr. Perley Marsh was quite the ambitious physician. 4:18 [SPEAKER_00]: He conducted what records call radical experiments, in treating mental illness, a man named Richard Whitney, a lawyer from Windsor, held a role equivalent to Secretary of State. 4:33 [SPEAKER_00]: In 1806, Whitney suffered a severe mental breakdown, 4:41 [SPEAKER_00]: Dr. Perley Marsh administered the bath of surprise, ice-water subversion, repeated daily, plunging the patient under until he lost consciousness. 4:55 [SPEAKER_00]: When the water failed, Marsh turned to massive doses of opium. 5:01 [SPEAKER_00]: The medical term was stupification of the senses. 5:04 [SPEAKER_00]: A forced coma with the hope the patient would wake, sane. 5:09 [SPEAKER_00]: Richard Whitney did not wake at all. 5:13 [SPEAKER_00]: He died from the opium treatment in 1806. 5:17 [SPEAKER_00]: Dr. Perley Marsh died the following year. 5:21 [SPEAKER_00]: Anna Hunt Marsh inherited his estate. 5:25 [SPEAKER_00]: Under the curvature laws of the era, a married woman had almost no legal right to property. 5:32 [SPEAKER_00]: As a widow, Anna could act. 5:35 [SPEAKER_00]: And she did. 5:37 [SPEAKER_00]: For 28 years, she ran a successful business. 5:42 [SPEAKER_00]: She watched from Hinsdale as America continued to warehouse its mentally ill in chains. 5:50 [SPEAKER_00]: And she decided that someone should try harder. 5:54 [SPEAKER_00]: On October 14, 1834 Anna Hunt Marsh died. 6:01 [SPEAKER_00]: She was approximately 65 years old and she had been carrying Richard Whitney's death for 28 years. 6:10 [SPEAKER_00]: but she left something behind. 6:13 [SPEAKER_00]: Her will contained a request that would change Battle Burro forever. 6:17 [SPEAKER_00]: $10,000 over $300,000 in today's money. 6:25 [SPEAKER_00]: Left for the purpose of erecting and support of a hospital for the insane in Windham County. 6:33 [SPEAKER_00]: She also left $2,000 to Vernon for preaching of the gospel. 6:39 [SPEAKER_00]: She named four trustees, Samuel Clark, John Hallbrook, Epaphroditis Seymour, and John Seahallbrook. 6:49 [SPEAKER_00]: With that single sentence, Anna became the first woman in American history to found a mental health institution. 6:59 [SPEAKER_00]: Those four trustees moved quite fast. 7:02 [SPEAKER_00]: They petitioned the Vermont General Assembly, purchased 51 acres in Battleboro, and hired Dr. William Rockwell. 7:12 [SPEAKER_00]: Rockwell had trained at the Hartford retreat in Connecticut. 7:17 [SPEAKER_00]: One of the few places in America practicing moral treatment. 7:22 [SPEAKER_00]: His salary was set at $1,000 a year. 7:26 [SPEAKER_00]: He voluntarily returned 400 of it, his first year, to help sustain the institution. 7:35 [SPEAKER_00]: Captain Merchant Toby, a master builder from Worcester, Massachusetts, designed to the original three-story red brick building, total construction cost, $12,300. 7:50 [SPEAKER_00]: In December 1836, the Vermont asylum for the insane opened its doors. 7:58 [SPEAKER_00]: No chains, no cells, windowed bedrooms, large porches, a working dairy farm, no fence separated the hospital from the town, because the entire premise was that these were people, not prisoners. 8:17 [SPEAKER_00]: The staff operated on what they called, her rental-like kindness, it was unlike anything for mod had seen. 8:25 [SPEAKER_00]: The institution grew. 8:30 [SPEAKER_00]: In 1842, a 17-year-old patient began running a printing press inside the asylum, launching the asylum journal. 8:46 [SPEAKER_00]: the patients were not just receiving care, they were making things. 8:52 [SPEAKER_00]: And then came Dr. Joseph Draper, he arrived a superintendent in 1873 and would serve until his death in 1892. 9:03 [SPEAKER_00]: Draper was restless. 9:06 [SPEAKER_00]: In 1881 he and his wife spent three months touring European asylum. 9:13 [SPEAKER_00]: He came back with two ideas that no American institution had tried. 9:18 [SPEAKER_00]: The first, a summer therapeutic retreat for women patients, launched that same year. 9:25 [SPEAKER_00]: The second would take longer. 9:29 [SPEAKER_00]: In 1885, Draper started camp comfort, sending groups of 15 patients on hikes to a shelter on the ridge above campus. 9:40 [SPEAKER_00]: Fresh air, physical labor, a view of the Connecticut River Valley, and then decided the patients should build something, permanent up there. 9:53 [SPEAKER_00]: Beginning in 1887, the patients of the Vermont asylum for the insane, constructed a tower, 65 feet tall, locally corded stone, dark granite with white quartz, finished with granite coins at the corners, and ashlar blocks throughout. 10:14 [SPEAKER_00]: They hauled the stone up that hill themselves. 10:18 [SPEAKER_00]: The work was considered therapeutic, a way to give purpose, to hands that had nothing to hold. 10:26 [SPEAKER_00]: The tower was completed after Draper's death, a monument finished in his memory. 10:32 [SPEAKER_00]: In 1891, the asylum-headgrown so large that the state of Vermont opened its own facility 10:43 [SPEAKER_00]: 1883, the institution shed the word asylum entirely, and became the Battleboro retreat. 10:56 [SPEAKER_00]: And in 1914, Lotton Hall opened on the grounds, housing the first indoor swimming pool at any hospital in the world. 11:07 [SPEAKER_00]: here's where this story turns. 11:10 [SPEAKER_00]: The doctors built the tower for fresh air and labor therapy. 11:16 [SPEAKER_00]: The patients built it with their own hands, stone by stone, up that ridge. 11:23 [SPEAKER_00]: But some of them found a different use for it. 11:27 [SPEAKER_00]: They climbed those 65 feet, 11:34 [SPEAKER_00]: how many people jumped from the retreat tower. 11:38 [SPEAKER_00]: The asylum never said. 11:39 [SPEAKER_00]: On June 1, 1923, a man named Carl Dodge was found dead near the tower. 11:49 [SPEAKER_00]: Dodge had been quite the musician, a chelest at the New York metropolitan opera, found dead near the tower, a revolver near by. 12:01 [SPEAKER_00]: a decade earlier, in 1913, a patient identified only as Ms. BE Light Singer, reported seeing a very tame deer near the tower that vanished into thin air. 12:16 [SPEAKER_00]: The same deer appeared and vanished again the following day. 12:22 [SPEAKER_00]: By 1924, the battle borough reformer was reporting that 12:32 [SPEAKER_00]: at one point killing a doctor's dog. 12:36 [SPEAKER_00]: In 1938, official sealed the tower entrance. 12:41 [SPEAKER_00]: This dated reason was child safety. 12:45 [SPEAKER_00]: The local understanding was different. 12:48 [SPEAKER_00]: They sealed it to stop patients from jumping. 12:52 [SPEAKER_00]: what the record show is this. 12:55 [SPEAKER_00]: The battle borough retreat adopted electroconvulsive therapy and what administrators called a fairly limited capacity. 13:05 [SPEAKER_00]: They performed some lobotomies before discontinuing both practices. 13:11 [SPEAKER_00]: Long-term patients were transferred against their wishes to state hospitals. 13:16 [SPEAKER_00]: Many of them feared leaving what they called their beloved home, 13:23 [SPEAKER_00]: The institution that had started with open windows and no fences was making choices that Anna Hunt Marsh could never have foreseen. 13:31 [SPEAKER_00]: At the base of that sealed tower, set the cemetery. 13:38 [SPEAKER_00]: The last burial was in 1901. 13:40 [SPEAKER_00]: Over 650 people in the ground. 13:51 [SPEAKER_00]: Vermont did not require death records until 1858. 13:57 [SPEAKER_00]: Place of burial was not recorded until 1905. 14:02 [SPEAKER_00]: Most of the identities in that ground are permanently lost. 14:08 [SPEAKER_00]: The only tangible record is a single anonymous journal from the 1930s, written and cursive, titled the Old Bering Ground, 14:18 [SPEAKER_00]: One person's handwriting. 14:22 [SPEAKER_00]: That is all that remains. 14:25 [SPEAKER_00]: The battle borer retreat is still there. 14:27 [SPEAKER_00]: That is the part of this story that stays with me. 14:33 [SPEAKER_00]: It is not a museum. 14:35 [SPEAKER_00]: It is not a ruin. 14:37 [SPEAKER_00]: It is a working psychiatric hospital. 14:40 [SPEAKER_00]: Private, not for profit. 14:43 [SPEAKER_00]: Still operating on those same acres, Anna's trustees bought in 1834. 14:49 [SPEAKER_00]: In 1984, the campus, all 600 acres and 58 buildings were listed on the National Register of Historic Places. 15:02 [SPEAKER_00]: The institution has survived the Civil War, two world wars, the Great Depression, and the de-institutionalization movement that shuttered hospitals across the country. 15:15 [SPEAKER_00]: Quite a history. 15:17 [SPEAKER_00]: In nearly 850 years, the retreat has had only 24 trustees, one served for 57 years, only nine superintendents across its entire history. 15:34 [SPEAKER_00]: Today it is accredited by the Joint Commission and belongs to the Ivy League Hospitals Network 15:41 [SPEAKER_00]: It still treats children, adolescents, and adults, still on Anna's ground. 15:49 [SPEAKER_00]: In 2016, a woman named Brenda Nichols led her restoration of the cemetery. 15:56 [SPEAKER_00]: Hitt stones were repaired, boundary posts were repositioned. 16:02 [SPEAKER_00]: A memorial marker was installed. 16:11 [SPEAKER_00]: For many of these people, the retreat was home, in life, and now here, also after. 16:18 [SPEAKER_00]: The numbered graves got names where names could be recovered. 16:24 [SPEAKER_00]: The ones that could not be recovered, got dignity. 16:28 [SPEAKER_00]: In 2019, volunteer stone workers, Jared Flynn, in Torbin, Larson, came out to fix the tower itself. 16:38 [SPEAKER_00]: Bandals had not granite capstones to the ground, some time in the 1980s. 16:44 [SPEAKER_00]: Flynn and Larson hauled equipment at that hill and put the stones back where the patients had placed them a century before. 16:57 [SPEAKER_00]: And here's a detail I cannot shape. 17:00 [SPEAKER_00]: While those patients were building that tower in the early 1890s, Rudiard Kippling was living nearby in Dhammerston, at his estate called Nalaka, writing the jungle book, 17:14 [SPEAKER_00]: sources suggest two acts of creation, happening side by side in the Vermont Hills. 17:22 [SPEAKER_00]: One man got famous, the other builders got numbered headstones. 17:30 [SPEAKER_00]: Anna Hunt Marsh died on October 14, 1834. 17:36 [SPEAKER_00]: The asylum she paid for did not open until December of 1836. 17:40 [SPEAKER_00]: She missed it by two years. 17:45 [SPEAKER_00]: She never saw a patient walk through the door. 17:47 [SPEAKER_00]: Never saw the dairy farm or the printing press or the patient newspaper. 17:54 [SPEAKER_00]: Never saw camp comfort, or the women's summer retreat. 17:59 [SPEAKER_00]: Never saw the tower rise from the ridge. 18:02 [SPEAKER_00]: Never knew that in 2026, nearly 200 years later, her institution would still be treating patients on the same ground, her trustees bought with her money. 18:16 [SPEAKER_00]: All Anna knew was this. 18:19 [SPEAKER_00]: She had watched a man named Richard Whitney die from ice water and opium in her husband's examination room. 18:28 [SPEAKER_00]: And she had spent 28 years deciding that someone should try harder. 18:33 [SPEAKER_00]: Her answer was a single sentence in a well. 18:37 [SPEAKER_00]: $10,000 for men she trusted. 18:46 [SPEAKER_00]: that has been enough for almost two centuries. 18:51 [SPEAKER_00]: The tower still stands in the woods, above Battleboro. 18:56 [SPEAKER_00]: The cemetery still holds its dead. 19:00 [SPEAKER_00]: The hospital still opens its door every morning, and the woman who started it all, never saw any of it. 19:10 [SPEAKER_00]: She just believed it was worth doing. 19:14 [SPEAKER_00]: That's the story of a woman who watched her husband's patient die on an examination table in 1806 and spent nearly three decades turning that grief into something that would outlive everyone in this story. 19:30 [SPEAKER_00]: A tower, a cemetery, in a hospital that refuses to close 19:39 [SPEAKER_00]: If you found this story as haunting as I did, share it with someone who believes that one person's decision can echo for centuries. 19:49 [SPEAKER_00]: I'm Shane Waters. 19:50 [SPEAKER_00]: Every hometown has a story. 19:53 [SPEAKER_00]: Tonight it's a 65-foot tower in the Vermont woods. 19:58 [SPEAKER_00]: Built by the hands of the people, it was meant to heal. 20:03 [SPEAKER_00]: Good night, friend.
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