0:03 [SPEAKER_00]: a dirt road between Randolph and Monroe County's Missouri, July 23rd, 1877. 0:09 [SPEAKER_00]: A spring wagon moving through open farmland, no shade, no trees close to the road, just flat summer heat, pressing down on everything. 0:23 [SPEAKER_00]: the woman sitting beside the driver is 58 years old. 0:27 [SPEAKER_00]: Her name is Martha Parish. 0:30 [SPEAKER_00]: She had been married to the man holding the reins for 24 years. 0:35 [SPEAKER_00]: He is Dr. Jeff the Calaway Parish, a country physician, a Confederate veteran, and a man who until this morning had refused to do what his wife and daughter baked him to do. 0:50 [SPEAKER_00]: Their daughter Susan was 20 years old. 0:52 [SPEAKER_00]: She has come home with a infant sign and bruises she can no longer hide, begging to be taken away from her husband. 1:01 [SPEAKER_00]: The doctor has finally agreed. 1:04 [SPEAKER_00]: They are driving out to collect her and bring her to her brother's house and Howard County. 1:10 [SPEAKER_00]: A younger daughter rides in the back of the wagon. 1:14 [SPEAKER_00]: It should be a simple trip. 1:20 [SPEAKER_00]: the sound of a horse coming fast, a rider from a side road, armed, a double barrel shot gun across the saddle. 1:32 [SPEAKER_00]: James Hayden Brown, they called him Hayden. 1:36 [SPEAKER_00]: It's 21 years old. 1:39 [SPEAKER_00]: He is Susan's husband. 1:41 [SPEAKER_00]: He has found out where they are going. 1:45 [SPEAKER_00]: The confrontation is immediate. 1:48 [SPEAKER_00]: Hade fires a doctor Paris first, wounding him badly. 1:54 [SPEAKER_00]: The doctor slumps. 1:56 [SPEAKER_00]: The wagon stops. 1:58 [SPEAKER_00]: Then Hade orders Martha out. 2:02 [SPEAKER_00]: A 58-year-old woman standing in the dust of a Missouri road. 2:07 [SPEAKER_00]: July heat, the barrel of the shotgun. 2:16 [SPEAKER_00]: This is season 40, 50 states, 50 crimes, 250 years of American history. 2:25 [SPEAKER_00]: Tonight is episode 4, Missouri and North Carolina. 2:31 [SPEAKER_00]: Both stories tonight are about love and what it costs. 2:36 [SPEAKER_00]: Both are about men who said they loved women, 2:42 [SPEAKER_00]: and both and in something no one planned, not just death, but music, of a kind. 2:51 [SPEAKER_00]: In Missouri, a suicide pact, a double coffin, two bodies buried in each other's arms. 2:59 [SPEAKER_00]: In North Carolina, a murder ballad that has carried a dead woman's name for more than 130 years. 3:07 [SPEAKER_00]: Case A begins in the summer of 1877, a family called parish, a son-in-law called Hade Brown, a young woman trying to escape a violent husband, and a mother who paid for that escape with her life. 3:27 [SPEAKER_00]: Martha Emily Fort Parrish was born in 1818, most likely in Kentucky. 3:34 [SPEAKER_00]: One of the Upper South States, whose families had poured into Missouri's River Counties in the decades before the war, she married Dr. Jeff the Holloway Parrish. 3:45 [SPEAKER_00]: On November 2, 1853, in Randolph County, Missouri, the doctor's wife, a mother of five children, including two sets of twins, born in 1854 and 1857. 4:03 [SPEAKER_00]: To understand what Martha's daily life looked like, you have to understand what it meant to be a country physician's wife in rural Missouri. 4:13 [SPEAKER_00]: patients came to the house. 4:15 [SPEAKER_00]: The practice shaped the rhythms of everything. 4:19 [SPEAKER_00]: the knocks at out hours, the travel, the community obligations. 4:26 [SPEAKER_00]: Dr. Parrish was described in county records as an old and respected citizen. 4:32 [SPEAKER_00]: To be his wife was to be visible, known, and expected to hold the household together while he was gone. 4:41 [SPEAKER_00]: In Martha had held it together through worst and most, 4:45 [SPEAKER_00]: Randolph County said in the heart of Little Dixie, settled by families from Kentucky and Tennessee, who had brought tobacco, enslaved people, and southern codes of honor with them. 4:59 [SPEAKER_00]: The Civil War had torn the region apart, guerrilla violence, burned roads, neighbors turning her neighbors. 5:09 [SPEAKER_00]: By 1877, Martha had survived all of it, 5:14 [SPEAKER_00]: her twin daughters were grown. 5:16 [SPEAKER_00]: Her husband was still practicing. 5:19 [SPEAKER_00]: She must have believed the worst was behind them. 5:22 [SPEAKER_00]: Then Susan brought trouble home. 5:28 [SPEAKER_00]: The allotment came in early 1876. 5:30 [SPEAKER_00]: Susan was 18. 5:32 [SPEAKER_00]: Hayed Brown was 19. 5:35 [SPEAKER_00]: And the parish family 5:42 [SPEAKER_00]: They knew the brown name. 5:44 [SPEAKER_00]: He'd's father, Bill Brown, had murdered a man named William Piny in 1865. 5:50 [SPEAKER_00]: Bill Brown was then killed by his own brother-in-law, for beating his wife. 5:58 [SPEAKER_00]: The pattern was there, the warning was clear. 6:03 [SPEAKER_00]: It wasn't enough. 6:06 [SPEAKER_00]: The marriage deteriorated immediately. 6:08 [SPEAKER_00]: Eight-browns Timber described as ungovernable, manifested in beatings from the first weeks. 6:19 [SPEAKER_00]: Here it accounts described him as ever ready to shoot, cut or kill, whoever or whatever crossed his path. 6:28 [SPEAKER_00]: Susan endured it to the birth of their son, 6:32 [SPEAKER_00]: what makes this significant is the legal reality Susan faced. 6:37 [SPEAKER_00]: In 1877 Missouri, there was no consistently equal prohibition against domestic assault. 6:45 [SPEAKER_00]: A husband's authority within the home was treated as nearly absolute. 6:50 [SPEAKER_00]: Susan could not obtain a protective order 6:53 [SPEAKER_00]: She could not have haired arrested for beating her. 6:58 [SPEAKER_00]: Physical escape was the only option available, and even that required her father's help. 7:06 [SPEAKER_00]: By July 1877, Susan had reached the limit. 7:10 [SPEAKER_00]: She gathered up her infant son, left the mayoral home, while haired was away in neighboring Monroe County, and arrived at her parent's store. 7:21 [SPEAKER_00]: She told them her life was in constant danger. 7:23 [SPEAKER_00]: Dr. Parrish initially refused to intervene. 7:27 [SPEAKER_00]: Entering a sudden loss domestic authority was an act of significant social defiance, not simply a practical rescue. 7:39 [SPEAKER_00]: then he consented. 7:42 [SPEAKER_00]: July 23rd, 1877. 7:44 [SPEAKER_00]: The spring wagon, Arthur Parish, Martha, and a young daughter set out to collect Susan and take her to her brother's home in Howard County. 7:58 [SPEAKER_00]: Eight Brown wrote up armed with a double bail shotgun. 8:02 [SPEAKER_00]: He fired a doctor Parish first, 8:08 [SPEAKER_00]: that he ordered Martha out of the wagon. 8:11 [SPEAKER_00]: He shot her at close range. 8:15 [SPEAKER_00]: Martha parish died on the side of a Missouri dirt road. 8:19 [SPEAKER_00]: She was 58 years old. 8:22 [SPEAKER_00]: Hade fled Missouri immediately. 8:25 [SPEAKER_00]: His wife's mother was dead. 8:29 [SPEAKER_00]: His father-in-law was bleeding in a wagon. 8:32 [SPEAKER_00]: His wife was somewhere behind him. 8:38 [SPEAKER_00]: Hate Brown fled to Minnesota. 8:42 [SPEAKER_00]: He lived as a free man for roughly a year before he was recognized on the street in Rochester and arrested. 8:50 [SPEAKER_00]: He was extradited back to Missouri. 8:53 [SPEAKER_00]: The trial and mobile where the Randolph County auxiliary courthouse set did not begin until February 1879. 9:07 [SPEAKER_00]: by then, Martha was buried. 9:10 [SPEAKER_00]: The witnesses had lived in the aftermath for over a year. 9:15 [SPEAKER_00]: The community had long since decided what it thought of a brown. 9:21 [SPEAKER_00]: The trial records tell us what the courtroom heard. 9:24 [SPEAKER_00]: Witness testimony established the pattern of abuse. 9:29 [SPEAKER_00]: Other witnesses placed brown at the scene with the weapon. 9:36 [SPEAKER_00]: He acknowledged he must have shot Martha Parish, but claimed not to remember it clearly. 9:44 [SPEAKER_00]: He said he never had anything against Mrs. Parish, personally. 9:49 [SPEAKER_00]: His quarrel, he said, was with a doctor. 9:54 [SPEAKER_00]: What's striking about this admission is what it reveals. 9:59 [SPEAKER_00]: Martha was not Hayd's target. 10:02 [SPEAKER_00]: she was the person who was there. 10:04 [SPEAKER_00]: He wanted Dr. Parrish. 10:08 [SPEAKER_00]: He got, Martha, when he had lots control, the nearest person absorbed it, that is the arithmetic of this kind of violence. 10:20 [SPEAKER_00]: It does not require a reason for choir's proximity. 10:25 [SPEAKER_00]: The jury returned a guilty verdict. 10:28 [SPEAKER_00]: The judge sentenced hate brown to hang. 10:31 [SPEAKER_00]: March 26th, 1879, Brown's attorney's appealed to the Missouri Supreme Court. 10:41 [SPEAKER_00]: The execution was stayed. 10:44 [SPEAKER_00]: In May 1880, the court affirmed the conviction. 10:57 [SPEAKER_00]: As the execution approached, Susan made a decision. 11:02 [SPEAKER_00]: She was living in Kansas City with a family named Fisher. 11:07 [SPEAKER_00]: She obtained a large dose of morphine, and smuggled it into the jail for hate. 11:13 [SPEAKER_00]: The plan was simple. 11:14 [SPEAKER_00]: He would die on his own terms for the state could 11:24 [SPEAKER_00]: On June 20, 1880, the morphing was discovered and confiscated. 11:29 [SPEAKER_00]: The next day, June 21st, Susan shot herself at the Fisher Home in Kansas City. 11:38 [SPEAKER_00]: She was 22 years old. 11:41 [SPEAKER_00]: Before she died, she wrote a letter. 11:45 [SPEAKER_00]: She told Mrs. Fisher she loved her husband, more than the world. 11:50 [SPEAKER_00]: She asked that her infant son be raised by her own relatives, not the Browns. 11:57 [SPEAKER_00]: Five days later, on June 25, 1880, eight Browns was alleged to a scaffold and Huntsville, the Randolph County seat. 12:08 [SPEAKER_00]: Approximately 15,000 people gathered and enormous crowd for a rural Missouri County. 12:16 [SPEAKER_00]: He was hanged. 12:18 [SPEAKER_00]: The execution is not the end of this story. 12:22 [SPEAKER_00]: What came after, a coffin, a burial, the arrangement of two bodies in the dark is the image that carried the hate brown case through a century of Missouri or a history. 12:36 [SPEAKER_00]: That is where a case A ends. 12:41 [SPEAKER_00]: After the execution, Hayd's body was cut down and placed an especially constructed coffin, larger than standard. 12:50 [SPEAKER_00]: The body was transported to the moberly train depot. 12:55 [SPEAKER_00]: Susan's body had been held in Kansas City. 12:59 [SPEAKER_00]: It was placed on the same train. 13:02 [SPEAKER_00]: At moberly, Susan was transferred into the same coffin as Hayd. 13:08 [SPEAKER_00]: their hands were arranged, resting on each other, giving the appearance of embracing. 13:14 [SPEAKER_00]: They were buried together at Swindell Cemetery, four miles south of Madison, Monroe County, Missouri, a woman who had been beaten by this man, chose to die beside him, chose 13:36 [SPEAKER_00]: Susan's love for hate, documented in her own letter to Mrs. Fisher, is not something the record lets us simplify. 13:45 [SPEAKER_00]: Abusive relationships produce exactly this kind of attachment, isolation, intermittent reinforcement, total social dependence on the person inflicting the 14:01 [SPEAKER_00]: Susan's love does not diminish what ate it to her, to her mother, to her father. 14:08 [SPEAKER_00]: But it adds a dimension of grief that cannot be reduced to good and evil. 14:15 [SPEAKER_00]: There was a coffin in a Missouri cemetery where two people lie in each other's arms. 14:21 [SPEAKER_00]: One of them killed the others, mother, both of them, or dead. 14:28 [SPEAKER_00]: Neither of them was older than 24. 14:30 [SPEAKER_00]: Dr. Jeff the Holloway Parish survived. 14:36 [SPEAKER_00]: He lived until February 4, 1892, 15 years after the murder of his wife. 14:44 [SPEAKER_00]: He died in Clifton Hill, Missouri, a widow who had outlived his daughter and buried his wife's killer. 14:53 [SPEAKER_00]: The infant son, Susan named and her final letter, was placed with the parish family connections. 15:01 [SPEAKER_00]: He grew up without either parent. 15:04 [SPEAKER_00]: Martha is buried in Thomas Hill's cemetery, Monroe County, Missouri. 15:10 [SPEAKER_00]: She has no surviving obituary. 15:13 [SPEAKER_00]: No memorial notice in the digitized record. 15:17 [SPEAKER_00]: Her find a grave entry, notes she was killed by her son-in-law, she was 58 years old. 15:23 [SPEAKER_00]: She died trying to save her daughter. 15:29 [SPEAKER_00]: a double coffin in a Missouri cemetery to hands a range to look like an embrace. 15:36 [SPEAKER_00]: This is how the hate brown story ends, not with justice, though justice came, but with a love that refused to make sense. 15:46 [SPEAKER_00]: Both of tonight's stories are about men who claim to love as their motive and left behind bodies as their evidence. 15:56 [SPEAKER_00]: In Missouri, Hade Brown killed because he could not accept losing his wife. 16:02 [SPEAKER_00]: In North Carolina, 15 years later, in a thousand miles east. 16:08 [SPEAKER_00]: A man named Peter DeGraph killed because he could not accept what his love had cost him. 16:16 [SPEAKER_00]: the oldest story there is, desire that turns to ownership, ownership that turns to rage, and rage that leaves behind nothing but the story. 16:30 [SPEAKER_00]: The Missouri, the story was a coffin. 16:34 [SPEAKER_00]: In North Carolina, it was a song 16:43 [SPEAKER_00]: Winston, North Carolina, July 20th, 1892, a young woman leaves her employer's house in the evening. 16:53 [SPEAKER_00]: She is 18 years old. 16:55 [SPEAKER_00]: Her name is Ellen Smith. 16:58 [SPEAKER_00]: She has received a note from a man she loves. 17:01 [SPEAKER_00]: A man who has told her, he wants to make things right. 17:06 [SPEAKER_00]: He has asked her to meet him in the woods 17:11 [SPEAKER_00]: The grandest building in Winston, a four-story resort that opened just 72 days earlier. 17:18 [SPEAKER_00]: She goes, she does not come back. 17:26 [SPEAKER_00]: Mary Ellen Smith was born January 28, 1874, and yet can County, North Carolina. 17:35 [SPEAKER_00]: She will be known as Ellen. 17:38 [SPEAKER_00]: She arrived in Winston around 1891, approximately 17 years old, looking for work. 17:46 [SPEAKER_00]: Winston in 1891 was a tobacco city in full transformation. 17:52 [SPEAKER_00]: RJ Reynolds had founded his company in 1875. 17:58 [SPEAKER_00]: By 1892, his net worth had reached $200,000. 18:04 [SPEAKER_00]: Warehouses, factories, electric lights and the streets. 18:10 [SPEAKER_00]: The smell of cure tobacco in the air at all hours 18:14 [SPEAKER_00]: for a young woman from a rural Piedmont County. 18:18 [SPEAKER_00]: This was the closest thing to a city she had likely ever seen. 18:22 [SPEAKER_00]: Ellen found work as a maid in a merchant's household, indoor work, regular wages, a room of her own. 18:33 [SPEAKER_00]: A step up from Yacht County farm labor. 18:37 [SPEAKER_00]: But domestic service in 1892 meant dependence, housing, references, social protection, all of it came from the employer, pregnancy meant dismissal, loss of a reference letter meant unemployment, social disgrace meant ruin, 19:02 [SPEAKER_00]: She met Peter to graph some time in 1891, he was about 21, handsome, a ladies man, fond of drinking and gambling. 19:14 [SPEAKER_00]: His father Anthony had immigrated from Bordeaux, France, an unusual immigration path for this part of North Carolina. 19:25 [SPEAKER_00]: Peter had grown up in 4th 19:32 [SPEAKER_00]: an Ellen couldn't have known what charming meant in this case. 19:37 [SPEAKER_00]: She couldn't have known that the attentions of a young man who seemed to offer romance and commitment would become the most dangerous thing she ever accepted. 19:50 [SPEAKER_00]: Ellen became pregnant. 19:52 [SPEAKER_00]: She traveled home to yetcon County to have the baby. 19:57 [SPEAKER_00]: The graph reportedly accompanied her. 20:00 [SPEAKER_00]: The infant was either still born or died shortly after birth. 20:06 [SPEAKER_00]: Then the graph denied paternity. 20:09 [SPEAKER_00]: He accused Ellen of unfaithfulness, a calculated deflection that placed the full weight of social stigma on her. 20:18 [SPEAKER_00]: He cut off the relationship entirely, at some point he threatened to shoot her, if she tried to contact him again. 20:27 [SPEAKER_00]: Alan returned to Winston. 20:30 [SPEAKER_00]: She tried to hold on. 20:32 [SPEAKER_00]: From a distance, this looks like a failure of self-preservation. 20:37 [SPEAKER_00]: In context, it was the constrained options of a young woman in 1892, who had staked her security on a relationship that now needed to be real for her situation 20:52 [SPEAKER_00]: If the baby was her fault, if the relationship was casual, then everything she had risked became visible to her employer, her community, and anyone who might hire her next. 21:06 [SPEAKER_00]: She needed to grasp love to be true. 21:10 [SPEAKER_00]: July 17, 1892, a major quarrel between Alan and 21:21 [SPEAKER_00]: July 18th, 1892. 21:25 [SPEAKER_00]: The graph sent a note. 21:28 [SPEAKER_00]: Consulatory. 21:30 [SPEAKER_00]: He said he loved her. 21:32 [SPEAKER_00]: He asked her to meet him on the evening of July 20th. 21:36 [SPEAKER_00]: Near the Zinsendorf Hotel in the West End. 21:40 [SPEAKER_00]: The note was hoped. 21:42 [SPEAKER_00]: Ellen had no way to know it was a summons to the last place she would ever stand. 21:49 [SPEAKER_00]: But before we get to that moment, a door, a July evening, a man waiting in the trees. 21:58 [SPEAKER_00]: The investigation that followed would hinge on what investigators found when they arrived at the next morning. 22:06 [SPEAKER_00]: Evening of July 20th, 1892, Ellen left her employer's home and walked to the woods behind the Zins and Dorf Hotel. 22:16 [SPEAKER_00]: She was shot through the left breast at close range, powder burns on her clothing, a single shot, severing a large artery near her heart. 22:28 [SPEAKER_00]: She died in the woods, 22:31 [SPEAKER_00]: Alan Smith was dead. 22:33 [SPEAKER_00]: The man who killed her was already running. 22:37 [SPEAKER_00]: And somewhere behind him, in the brush, ten steps from a path. 22:43 [SPEAKER_00]: A young woman lay in the July heat, with a note in her pocket, in an apron hung from a nearby branch, 22:54 [SPEAKER_01]: Morning of July 21st, 1892, Hattie Pratt, a laundry worker, walking to her job at the Zinsendorf Hotel. 23:03 [SPEAKER_01]: Found Ellen Smith's body in a thick brush about 10 steps from a path. 23:07 [SPEAKER_01]: The July heat had already done its work. 23:10 [SPEAKER_01]: Flies. 23:12 [SPEAKER_01]: A smell of a summer morning gone wrong. 23:15 [SPEAKER_01]: One detail complicates a clean reading. 23:18 [SPEAKER_01]: Ellen's white apron had been removed and hung from a nearby branch. 23:21 [SPEAKER_01]: Her body had been arranged not thrown down. 23:24 [SPEAKER_01]: Whether this was grief, guilt, performance, or some mixture that refuses a name, the gesture does not resolve. 23:32 [SPEAKER_01]: In Ellen's clothing investigators found the note from Peter Degraff, it summoned her to the meeting place. 23:38 [SPEAKER_01]: It was the prosecution's most damning evidence before a single witness was called. 23:43 [SPEAKER_01]: One more detail. 23:45 [SPEAKER_01]: Later on the evening of July the 20th, or perhaps early on July the 21st, a young man in a brown suit and a black-a-dabby hat to approach several people and told them where to find a body in the woods behind the hotel. 23:59 [SPEAKER_01]: His identity was never confirmed. 24:02 [SPEAKER_01]: Whether this was guilt, revado, or something else entirely, the record does not say. 24:08 [SPEAKER_01]: To graph fled Winston within days, he travelled to the Mount Eerie area in Surry County to could job at a sawmill under the name HD Hendrix. 24:18 [SPEAKER_01]: He stayed for nearly 11 months. 24:20 [SPEAKER_01]: Meanwhile, the Zins and Dorf Hotel, the newest symbol of Winston's ambitions, the building behind which Ellen died, burnt to the ground on Thanksgiving Day, November 24th, 1892. 24:33 [SPEAKER_01]: A fire that began in the hotel laundry spread through the enormous wooden structure. 24:39 [SPEAKER_01]: Fire engines from both Winston and Salem found no water pressure to fight it. 24:43 [SPEAKER_01]: The hotel was robbling under two hours. 24:46 [SPEAKER_01]: The place where Ellen was murdered raised itself within five months. 24:52 [SPEAKER_01]: The graph was arrested in June 1893. 24:54 [SPEAKER_01]: The trial before Superior Court Judge Robert W. Winston began August 11, 1893, four days. 25:04 [SPEAKER_01]: The Courthouse Pact described in one account as like sardines. 25:09 [SPEAKER_01]: Witnesses placed a graph at the scene, others testified he had beaten Ellen and threatened to shoot her before the murder. 25:16 [SPEAKER_01]: The note in her clothing was entered as evidence. 25:19 [SPEAKER_01]: Ellen's Aunt Rosa sat in the front row throughout. 25:23 [SPEAKER_01]: The family's vigil in a gallery that excluded most women as a matter of propriety. 25:27 [SPEAKER_01]: To graft at the stand and denied everything, Newspapers noted he was, in their words, a pretty big liar. 25:35 [SPEAKER_01]: Util contradictory stories to different visitors, the jury convicted him, sentenced to death. 25:43 [SPEAKER_01]: February the 8th, 1894, Liberty Street Winston, approximately 6,000 people gathered, the largest execution crowd in Forsyth County history. 25:55 [SPEAKER_01]: To graph sang hymns from the scaffold with the crowd, when he indicated he wished to make a final statement, he said plainly, I killed Ellen. 26:03 [SPEAKER_01]: He said he loved her. 26:05 [SPEAKER_01]: He said he had intended to marry her. 26:07 [SPEAKER_01]: He said he was drunk. 26:08 [SPEAKER_01]: He was hanged. 26:10 [SPEAKER_01]: It was the last public execution in Winston Salem's history. 26:14 [SPEAKER_01]: He was approximately 24 years old. 26:17 [SPEAKER_01]: The graph scaffold confession confirmed what the evidence had already established, but his final words, love, marriage, drunkenness, opened a door the verdict to tried to close. 26:28 [SPEAKER_01]: That door would stay open for more than a century. 26:30 [SPEAKER_01]: Kept a job by something no one in the courtroom, or standing on Liberty Street, could have predicted. 26:37 [SPEAKER_01]: A song. 26:40 [SPEAKER_00]: Alan Smith is buried in Liberty's cemetery. 26:44 [SPEAKER_00]: Winston, Salem, for Sith County. 26:49 [SPEAKER_00]: She was 18 years old. 26:51 [SPEAKER_00]: She would have turned 19 in January, but Ellen Smith did not disappear. 26:58 [SPEAKER_00]: Before a digraph was even arrested, something else had already begun. 27:04 [SPEAKER_00]: In the months after her death, her story started to circulate. 27:14 [SPEAKER_00]: a murder ballad, set to the tune of the ham, how firm a foundation, a melody familiar to anyone who had bent a church in western North Carolina. 27:27 [SPEAKER_00]: Ellen's name became singable. 27:41 [SPEAKER_02]: More and less me and how was she found, 27:45 [SPEAKER_00]: With the ballot, poor Ellen Smith, became one of the most recorded murder ballads in American full history. 27:54 [SPEAKER_00]: It has been sung across the Appalachian region for more than 130 years. 28:00 [SPEAKER_00]: If you have spent any time with Appalachian or old-time American music, you likely have 28:13 [SPEAKER_00]: There were two competing versions of the ballad, the earlier one, presented to Graff as an innocent man who wrongly executed, a standard wrongful hanging narrative, common in 19th century folk tradition. 28:30 [SPEAKER_00]: That version generated enough controversy that singing it was reportedly suppressed, 28:37 [SPEAKER_00]: The later version, the one that survived, the one that carried, told the story differently. 28:44 [SPEAKER_00]: Both share one thing. 28:46 [SPEAKER_00]: Alan's name is in the title. 28:50 [SPEAKER_00]: Murder ballots were the aero's true crime. 28:54 [SPEAKER_00]: They processed violence. 28:56 [SPEAKER_00]: They assigned blame. 28:59 [SPEAKER_00]: They expressed grief. 29:01 [SPEAKER_00]: They circulated stories without the need for print literacy. 29:05 [SPEAKER_00]: Through voices, through porches, through church halls, and general stores, and crossroads, they were how communities made sense of what had happened to them. 29:19 [SPEAKER_00]: Or Ellen Smith did what newspapers and courtrooms could not. 29:24 [SPEAKER_00]: It made her permanent. 29:26 [SPEAKER_00]: The song kept Ellen from the anonymity that claims most women killed by domestic partners in the 19th century. 29:34 [SPEAKER_00]: It is an imperfect monument. 29:39 [SPEAKER_00]: Some versions center the killer's feelings, rather in the victim's life. 29:45 [SPEAKER_00]: But it is a monument. 29:48 [SPEAKER_00]: 2 women, 2 states, 15 years apart, Martha Emily Fort Parish was 58 years old, a doctor's wife in rural Missouri, killed on a dirt road because she was trying to help her daughter escape a violent husband. 30:09 [SPEAKER_00]: Ellen Smith was 18, a domestic servant, in a booming North Carolina tobacco city, lured to the woods behind a grand hotel by a man who had already told her he would shoot her. 30:26 [SPEAKER_00]: Martha died in the open on a summer road in front of her husband, 30:39 [SPEAKER_00]: Both deaths were met by enormous public attention. 30:43 [SPEAKER_00]: 15,000 had a scaffold in Missouri. 30:46 [SPEAKER_00]: 6,000 are Liberty Street in Winston. 30:52 [SPEAKER_00]: These were not quiet tragedies. 30:55 [SPEAKER_00]: They were community events. 30:58 [SPEAKER_00]: Processed through the mechanisms each era had available. 31:07 [SPEAKER_00]: And both stories survived their century. 31:10 [SPEAKER_00]: In Missouri, the hate-brown case endured as oral history. 31:17 [SPEAKER_00]: A double coffin, two bodies arranged, like they were embracing. 31:22 [SPEAKER_00]: Barried in a corner of Swindell Cemetery, Susan's love letter to Mrs. Fisher. 31:27 [SPEAKER_00]: 15,000 people, watching a 24-year-old, 31:38 [SPEAKER_00]: In North Carolina, Ellen Smith's name outlasted, everyone involved. 31:44 [SPEAKER_00]: The ballot did what memory alone could not. 31:48 [SPEAKER_00]: Her name is still son in Appalachian hollows, and on folk stages, a hundred and thirty years after a laundry worker, found her body, and the July heat. 32:02 [SPEAKER_00]: Both cases fall in the decades after the Civil War, when America was rebuilding, expanding, modernizing, and the legal and social protections for women had barely changed. 32:17 [SPEAKER_00]: Martha Parish had no mechanism to stop hate brown before he arrived on that road. 32:24 [SPEAKER_00]: Ellen Smith had no legal recourse against a man who denied their child and threatened her life. 32:32 [SPEAKER_00]: The machinery of justice caught both killers, but only after the women were dead. 32:41 [SPEAKER_00]: Martha Emily Fort Parish Ellen Smith 32:47 [SPEAKER_00]: Until next time, good night, friend. 32:51 [SPEAKER_02]: The war relance me, and how was she found? 32:55 [SPEAKER_02]: Shought through the heart, lying cold on the ground. 33:05 [SPEAKER_02]: Our clothes were all scattered and thrown on the ground. 33:09 [SPEAKER_02]: The blood marked the spot were for real and was found. 33:19 [SPEAKER_02]: They pick up the rubble, and honeyed me down, they found me a loafing ball around the town. 33:37 [SPEAKER_02]: They pick up her body and carried away, and now she's sleeping in some loaves along the way. 33:48 [SPEAKER_02]: I've got a letter yesterday, I've had it today, the flowers on a grape have all faded away. 34:09 [SPEAKER_02]: Some day I'll go home and stay with I go on for a long spring, pretty flowers also. 34:19 [SPEAKER_02]: I've been in this prison for 20 long years, They're not at the end of my birthday. 34:42 [SPEAKER_02]: Now, Warden just told me that soon I'll be free To go to our trees, I need that old military. 34:52 [SPEAKER_02]: and are ending and made, I'll never be free from that we love them. 35:06 [SPEAKER_02]: For let's be a coward she found, shelter in the far-lying folk on the ground.
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